Metformin
Metformin is a widely used medication that helps lower blood sugar levels by improving the body’s response to insulin and reducing glucose production in the liver. Originally prescribed for type 2 diabetes, it’s also being explored in anti-aging and metabolic health due to its potential to enhance insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation, and possibly slow cellular aging. Metformin is well-tolerated, affordable, and backed by decades of research, making it a foundational tool in managing blood sugar and supporting long-term health.
How Metformin May Slow Cellular Aging
Improves Insulin Sensitivity & Lowers Blood Sugar:
Chronically high blood sugar and insulin levels accelerate aging and inflammation. Metformin reduces insulin resistance and stabilizes blood glucose, creating a healthier metabolic environment that protects cells over time.Activates AMPK – the “Longevity Enzyme”:
Metformin activates AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase), a cellular energy sensor. AMPK promotes:Fat burning over fat storage
Enhanced mitochondrial function
Reduced inflammation and oxidative stress
These changes contribute to better cellular health and stress resilience.
Reduces mTOR Signaling:
mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) is a growth-regulating pathway that, when overactive, can accelerate aging and cancer risk. Metformin dampens mTOR activity, promoting cellular repair over growth—a hallmark of increased longevity.Limits Oxidative Stress & Inflammation:
Metformin has antioxidant-like effects, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and systemic inflammation—two major drivers of DNA damage and aging-related diseases.Supports Autophagy:
Metformin indirectly supports autophagy, the body’s process of clearing out damaged cells and recycling cellular components. Efficient autophagy is essential for preventing age-related decline.May Influence Telomere Maintenance:
Preliminary studies suggest metformin may help maintain telomere length (the protective caps on chromosomes), which naturally shorten with age and stress. Short telomeres are linked to accelerated aging and disease risk.
